Based on the case of the biopharmaceutical industry, the aim of this paper is to challenge the core conviction now widespread within the “spatial clustering theory”, which devotes a key (if not exclusive) role to geographical proximity in explaining clustering dynamics of innovation...

In order to explain why innovation activities are increasingly structuring through networking and agglomeration dynamics, numerous empirical and theoretical works in various disciplines (economics, geography, sociology, management) have stressed the crucial role of spatial proximity. Following...