developing ones, in which patents are proportionally rare. In this sense, it's applied an empirical model based in the Jaffe …'s (1989) knowledge production function to Brazilian regions. The model uses patents as a proxy for the innovative output and … innovation measured by patents, and, similarly, a relation between patenting activity of the firms and local academic research …

. -- general purpose technology ; nanotechnology ; specialization ; diversification ; Marshall-Jacobs controversy ; patent and … urbanization externalities. We carry out patent and publication analyses for the city state of Hamburg during the period 1990 …