The proliferation of international tribunals has given rise to much concern about potential conflicts between judicial decisions and possible ‘fragmentation' of international law. Most of the discussions have focused on conflicts of jurisdictions and conflicts of norms that may result from...

The proliferation of RTAs is a recognized feature of our time. While such agreements are permitted under Article XXIV of the GATT, this has not been without controversy and one aspect which remains unclear concerns the role decisions rendered by RTA dispute settlement bodies play in WTO cases....

Regional trade agreements (RTAs) have become an indelible feature of the international trading landscape. Most, if not all, RTAs contain provisions that establish procedures for resolving disputes among their signatory members. Yet, the design and functioning of these dispute settlement...

Our analysis covers 260 RTAs, of which 200 include at least one provision on TBT. We find that in general disputes on TBT provisions arising under RTAs are not treated differently from other type of RTA disputes. Fifteen per cent of RTAs with TBT provisions include provisions that apply...

The WTO has not been able to recover since the collapse of the Doha Round in July 2008. Several ministerial conferences including the Buenos Aires meeting in December 2017 failed to reach agreement. The US Trump Administration launched a campaign to reform the WTO in 2018 and 2019. This book...