Ghoneim, Ahmed Farouk - 2012
developed for this project concerning tariffs (as a proxy for shallow integration) and Non Tariff Measures (NTMs)2 (as a proxy … model is estimated for only one year (2001), and for each MED country. Trade costs are represented by tariffs, AVEs of NTMs … bilateral trade between MED countries and EU countries as well as amongst MED countries. The model shows that tariffs, NTMs, and …