analyses, this paper reviews and analyses concepts and actual measures of European integration and globalization. In particular …, it discusses how to separate the effects of European integration from those of globalization. The paper searches for … regional integration and globalization indices that reduce the endogeneity problem, and it discusses collinearity between them …

diagram. The paper reviews four types of indicators (share, intensity, homogeneous intensity, and introversion index) and … argues that the introversion index is the most suitable indicator for the comparison of the level of trade integration, both … index provides us with a snapshot of trade integration, which is useful for both scholars and policy makers. At a glance, we …