The paper estimates a conditional ß-convergence model of labor productivity growth in Italy's manufacturing industry …. Our results suggest that human capital, a cooperative culture, and initial productivity in neighboring provinces can … explain much of the geographical variability of productivity growth in manufacturing in nineteenth-century Italy …

A quarter-century after reunification, labor productivity in eastern Germany continues to lag systematically behind the … West. Denison-Hall-Jones point-in-time estimates point to large gaps in total factor productivity as the proximate cause …