The fact that weak instruments lead to spurious inference is now widely recognized. In this paper we ask whether spurious inference occurs more generally in weakly identified models. To distinguish between models where spurious inference will occur from those where it does not, we introduce the...

We provide general results for the asymptotic variance of regression coefficients computedfrom a sample drawn from a finite population. We encompass the potentialoutcomes and classic regression frameworks allowing for both heterogeneous treatmenteffects and random-across-resampling shocks....

We provide general results for the asymptotic variance of regression coefficients computed from a sample drawn from a finite population. We encompass the potential outcomes and classic regression frameworks allowing for both heterogeneous treatment effects and random-across-resampling shocks....