The role of the hostile activist shareholder has been taken up by a set of hedge funds. Hedge fund activism is characterized by mergers and corporate restructuring, replacement of management and board members, proxy voting, and lobbying of management. These investors target and research...

The increase in institutional ownership of recent decades has been accompanied by an enhanced role played by institutions in monitoring companies' corporate governance behaviour. Activist hedge funds and private equity firms have achieved a degree of success in actively shaping the business...

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are very important to any economy. They are great job creators, helping to reduce poverty and achieve higher levels of development in all economic sectors. However, SMEs are susceptible to inadequate law and regulation, mainly in countries implementing...