On the basis of an analysis of the objectives of financial regulation, this paper analyses the extent to which these principles are implemented in the European Union, considering the specific legal structure of its financial regulation and the implementation by national competent authorities....

After Brexit, the UK will become a third country. In the absence of a transitional agreement, its access to the EU markets will be conditioned on meeting the condition of “equivalence of regulation and supervision” as laid down in many EU regulations. Although in substance the UK regulations...

Everyone working in the field of financial regulation – but in other fields as well - is struck by the great number of documents that are being proposed or adopted in this field by the international institutions (FSB, BCBS, BIS, OECD, etc.), but even in greater quantity, by the European...

Exchange trading funds are treated in at least three different manners in Europe: as listed securities, as UCITS (or: classic investment funds) and in the future as Alternative Investment Funds. The latter qualification will become essential within two years once the directive on Alternative...

Trust in the independence of auditors is essential for the functioning of markets. If auditors are not independent or not believed to be independent, transaction costs will rise. In November 2011, the European Commission proposed radical reforms for statutory audits in Europe, fueling heated...