In 2020, the French Parliament passed an amendment that put the country at the forefront of attempts by democratic states to restrict young people’s access to legal online pornography. This study examines the necessity for and potential efficacy of the amendment through a comparative analysis...

There is a long debate whether TV advertising time should be restricted (as in the EU and UK nowadays) or be left unregulated (as in the US since 1982). This paper exploits a novel dataset of per hour data on 12 major TV broadcasters in France to investigate the efficiency of regulation using an...

Gatekeepers are not exclusive to digital markets. Gatekeepers exist in many other industries such as banking, telecoms and energy. The new element introduced by digital gatekeepers is their scale and scope: Digital gatekeepers have a global scope, have millions of users and are present in...

This study provides a detailed analysis of how the Portuguese payment system operates and how regulatory interventions, especially those involving price controls, would likely affect the interest of the various stakeholders in the system including consumers, merchants, banks, schemes, and...

This article studies the impact of regulatory uncertainty on an incumbent’s incentives to undertake the socially optimal investments in NGA networks. Thus, a regulatory non-commitment setting in which the regulator sets the access price after the deployment of the NGA network is used. In...

Answerable only to the courts that have the sole authority to grant or withhold the right to practice law, lawyers operate under a system of self-regulation. The self-regulated legal profession staunchly resists external interference from the legislative and administrative branches of...

This study takes a comprehensive look at the overall flexibility of regulatory governance in Korea, including the design, implementation, and monitoring of the many issues surrounding regulatory reform that stand in the way of innovation growth. Based on the findings of the analysis, the paper...

Between 2005 and 2008, 19 of the 50 states of the U.S. reformed the franchising process for cable television, significantly easing entry into local markets. Using a difference-in-differences approach that exploits the staggered introduction of reforms, we find that prices for “Basic” service...

Although we have many tools to understand the effect of regulation on competition, we know little about the importance of enforcement in explaining the impact of regulation. For this purpose, this paper uses data from Spanish local television industry in Spain from 1995 through 2001, which...

The unstated assumption underlying the drive for a la carte regulation and family-friendly tiering mandates is that government can somehow magically create a right to receive video programming on any terms you wish. Certainly if you don't like what your current video service provider has to...