In this paper, we empirically estimate the costs of delay in the FDIC's closures of 433 commercial banks between 2007 and 2014 based upon a counterfactual closure regime. We find that the costs of delay could have been as high as $18.5 billion, or 37% of the FDIC's estimated costs of closure of...

Remarks before the Greater San Antonio Chamber of Commerce, San Antonio, Texas, July 29, 2010 ; "In whatever realm and whatever form, excessive uncertainty is the enemy of economic growth. As Ben Bernanke wrote in 1980, the 'resolution of uncertainty' can lead to '[a business] investment boom.'...

"In the words of Milton, I would say that regulation should be designed to enable financial institutions to be 'sufficient to have stood, though free to fall.'" ; Remarks before the Cato Institute's 27th Annual Monetary Conference, Washington, D.C., November 19, 2009

Remarks before the Senior Delegates' Roundtable of the Fixed Income Forum, Carlsbad, California, July 23, 2009. ; "A lot of former negatives are being eliminated. We are seeing changes from negative impulses to slightly positive ones. This accentuates the positive in the aggregate. We probably...

Remarks at the SW Graduate School of Banking 53rd Annual Keynote Address and Banquet, Dallas, Texas, June 3, 2010 ; "Let me make my sentiments clear: It is my view that, by propping up deeply troubled big banks, authorities have eroded market discipline in the financial system."

"In theory, the Fed's monetary policy and regulatory functions are separate. In practice, they are anything but--rather, it is a symbiotic relationship. The past two years have highlighted the interconnections of monetary and regulatory policy: Monetary policy depends upon regulation that...

Remarks before the Market News International Seminar, New York, N.Y., June 6, 2011 ; "Postcrisis, the large institutions are even larger: The top 10 now account for 64 percent of assets, up from 58 percent before the crisis and substantially higher than the 25 percent they accounted for in 1990....

Remarks before the 19th Annual Hyman P. Minsky Conference on the State of the U.S. and World Economies, New York City, April 14, 2010. ; "I think the disagreeable but sound thing to do regarding institutions that are TBTF is to dismantle them over time into institutions that can be prudently...

This paper develops a non-linear DSGE model to assess the interaction between ex-post interventions in credit markets and the build-up of risk ex ante. During a systemic crisis, bailouts relax balance sheet constraints and mitigate the severity of the recession. Ex ante, the anticipation of such...