consider privatization, deregulation in network-based services, and the cutback of subsidies. Though the empirical analysis … beta convergence indicates convergence only for privatization (measured by public employment) and for subsidization …

implementation and competitive market structures including allowance of co-investment models, and iii) public subsidies to cover non … policies, and even fewer studies analyze the impact of public subsidies on new communications deployment. Moreover, our work … options for different market structures and for varying degrees of externalities. We find that public subsidies are the …