This paper develops a theoretical framework to shed light on variation in credit rating standards over time and across asset classes. Ratings issued by credit rating agencies serve a dual role: they provide information to investors and are used to regulate institutional investors. We show that...

1. Introduction- Volker Liermann, Claus Stegmann -- Part 1: Automation, distributed ledger and client related aspects -- 2. Batch Processing: Pattern Recognition- Volker Liermann, Claus Stegmann -- 3. Hyperledger fabric as a blockchain framework in the financial industry- Martina Bettio, Fabian...