consumer, a feature it shares with the electricity market. However, gas also has the specific feature of being a primary energy …

quality of the service and country energy efficiency. Double-Difference and Matching are used to address sources of selection … introducing Independent Regulation in the electricity industry is effective in stimulating performance improvements: this lead to … more generated electricity and better technical quality of the service. The impact on energy efficiency is positive but …

The European Union's (EU) energy sector is changing due to major policy reforms. In this article, we examine the impact … of major legislative changes which were designed to induce competition in the energy sector: the three liberalization … benefit as competition was likely to promote a more efficient energy sector and more consumer choice of energy products and …

"Regulatory reform" once meant either "alternatives to rate-of-return regulation" or "the advantages of privatization …

competition in the EU’s internal energy market following the first, second and third sets of EU legislative packages and … energy markets, including traditional ways of promoting energy security. Consequently, state-owned or controlled vertically …-integrated operators or centrally administered energy markets now have to meet the demands of open access and competition. There is also a …

Naturally monopolistic network industries are subject to regulation of access to market and charging in order to … regulation generate and whether it achieves objectives. Literature states that due to the context-specific nature of regulatory … framework, ex post analysis and practical experiments are necessary to study the impact of economic regulation. In this paper …

such regulation is in all instances inappropriate or uncalled for. Instead, all we mean is that there are counterarguments … utility-like regulation of internet platforms is that these platforms can become “natural monopolies” which tend to forestall … turn has allowed entrants to unseat what were once thought to be entrenched incumbents. Regulation risks quashing such …

assets are turned over to private contractors. Here we present a case of a 50-year comprehensive energy concession agreement … principles and design practices borrowed directly from economic regulation of public utilities and against the backdrop of the …

Utilities regulation in the Member States is always subject to the application of EC competition law. However, this … undermines the effectiveness of utilities regulation and the European Courts should deploy a more flexible standard than that … demarcate the borderline between competition law and sector regulation but a case-by-case assessment should be carried out to …