The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission seeks to regulate non-U.S. domiciled financial firms when U.S. investors' interests are affected. In 2010, in Morrison v. National Australia Bank, the U.S. Supreme Court narrowed the circumstances when extraterritorial regulation is appropriate....

The panel and the Appellate Body have recently examined one of the national tobacco control measures (US – Measures Affecting the Productions and Sale of Clove Cigarettes). The dispute, which emerged between the United States and Indonesia, concerned the US ban on the use of certain flavouring...

State capitalism is reemerging today. Some governments, notably newly emerging economies such as China and Russia and oil producing countries in the Middle East are placing much emphasis on state-led economic development, and they are making much use of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to achieve...

Private-sector standards are the standards developed and adopted by different types of private entities such as industry associations, NGOs, large retailers and commercial companies. Nowadays, these standards are widely applied on a voluntary basis by main market players in developed and some...

The obligations of non-discrimination in international economic law hinge upon the question of what constitutes ‘like products'. It is not clear that it is appropriate to transpose the competition-oriented approach to product likeness or substitutability under Article III of GATT to other...

Cloud computing is growing, and it is growing fast. But it is not new, and its roots are as old as computing itself – with significant history going back to the 1950s. However, because of the rapid growth of cloud computing, many regulatory authorities believe that it should be regulated and...

In the past few years economic research has empirically established the link between “good” regulation and development and there is a broad consensus over the fact that regulatory quality matters for economic growth. Up to now, however, there has not been much research on the determinants of...

From a macroeconomic perspective, the historical evolution of trade and commerce has been closely entangled in a two-way or paradoxical relationship with the evolution of laws, in which one is inextricably linked to the other and both mutually influence each other. At the microeconomic level,...

The G-20 has been established more than 10 years ago as a reaction to the Asian financial crisis without - at first - gaining much weight on the international scene, however, the financial crisis of 2007/08 has caused a re-vitalization on a higher level, namely as body of the "G-20 Leaders". The...