The airline industry usually calls for further liberalisation of traffic rights, operational rights and airline ownership and control. This paper concentrates on the 7th and 9th freedoms of the air. Due to the lack of legal safeguards, liberalisation in this respect may lead to ‘offshore'...

This paper develops an empirical model of entry to analyze the effect of previous regulation on European airlines? post-liberalization profits. The author distinguishes between European flag carriers, which are hightly regulated at the beginning of the eighties, and independent airlines. It is...