derived from imperfect competition in markets for financial services is implied, which banks exercise vis-à-vis their loan and … deposit customers. In the past, bank regulation has often been blamed for undermining competition and the functioning of … industry, competition and regulation are deeply interrelated as most regulatory institutions, even if they do not explicitly …

on the structure of competition in the credit card industry. Potential reasons for the lack of competitions are denoted … cost of fund. This result indicates that Turkish credit card market is characterized with lack of strong competition and …The high credit card interest rates in Turkey attracted considerable attention in recent years to regulate the Turkish …

and reduced lending more than banks using a standardized approach. This effect is not driven by borrowers' quality or by … banks in countries with credit booms before the pandemic. The higher risk sensitivity of IRB models does not always result … in lower credit provision when risk intensifies. Certain features of the IRB models - the use of a downturn Loss Given …