. Contrary to claims in the literature that "equity is expensive" and that regulation requiring more equity in the funding mix … entails costs to society, such regulation actually helps create useful commitment for banks to avoid the inefficiently high … borrowing that comes under laissez-faire. Effective regulation is beneficial even without considering systemic risk; if such …

benefits. Contrary to claims in the literature that “equity is expensive” and that regulation requiring more equity in the … funding mix entails costs to society, such regulation actually helps create useful commitment for banks to avoid the … inefficiently high borrowing that comes under laissez-faire. Effective regulation is beneficial even without considering systemic …

different capital structure regulation mechanisms on the optimal capital structure, a static trade-off-theory model of capital …With the introduction of incentive regulation in many network industries, different approaches how to remunerate … invested capital have been used. Under incentive regulation, many regulators remunerate the regulated asset base with a …