banks in the early 2000s propelled the financial system and the economy into crisis. While these findings should not be … governing interactions between regulators and banks. Enhanced transparency of regulatory decisions as well as strenghtened …

When the Covid-19 crisis struck, banks using internal-rating based (IRB) models quickly recognized the increase in risk … and reduced lending more than banks using a standardized approach. This effect is not driven by borrowers' quality or by … banks in countries with credit booms before the pandemic. The higher risk sensitivity of IRB models does not always result …

When the Covid-19 crisis struck, banks using internal-rating based (IRB) models quickly recognized the increase in risk … and reduced lending more than banks using a standardized approach. This effect is not driven by borrowers' quality or by … banks in countries with credit booms before the pandemic. The higher risk sensitivity of IRB models does not always result …

The market for external ratings is dominated worldwide as well as in the European Union (EU) by three major credit … rating agencies (CRAs). These "Big Three" are Standard & Poor's (S&P), Moody's and Fitch Ratings. Due to the oligopolistic …

time rules and regulations should be used to deal with the problems that, by default, cannot be addressed by reputation …

chang-ing environment. Conclusions: The employment of external ratings is significant in the financial sector. Ratings … external ratings thereby can be classified as oligopolistic. Turbulences during the financial crisis of 2008 trig …