This paper shows how scale economies affect welfare-maximizing regulation and regulated firms' investment behavior. Price-regulated firms take less advantage of scale economies than social planners, with greater investment distortions for greater economies of scale. Price caps should be below...

Positive models of public-utility regulation should capture personal incentives of regulators. A regulatory objective function is specified by appeal to standard human concerns coupled with politics and processes peculiar to public-utility regulation. Constraints a rational regulator would...

Regulated firms are exposed to asset-stranding risk whenever allowed revenue depends on past capital expenditure: if demand falls far enough, past expenditure is unrecoverable. I show that such regulation induces firms to invest in more capital, but distorts the trade-off between investment...

This paper shows how the cash flows received by an unregulated firm operating in a workably competitive market can be replicated for a regulated firm. The only change to standard regulatory practice is that each time the regulated firm invests, the amount added to its rate base is the product of...