The digital economy is at the forefront of the agenda of decisionmakers worldwide following several expert reports on competition in digital markets, underscoring competition issues. The question shifts then from why to how to adapt competition to the digital economy. Digital competition and...

In December 2020, new regulation of digital markets was proposed by European Commission. It specifically addresses main concerns raised by business behavior of operators of core services in their gatekeeping positions. However, voice assistants (or digital personal assistants, DPAs, e.g. Apple's...

To regulate or not to regulate is not anymore a Shakespearian issue. The digital economy must be regulated. The question is now about how to regulate it to promote an efficient and fair competition. This paper is the section 4 of my chapter 3 of my PhD thesis “Competition Law and economics of...

The European Commission (hereinafter “the Commission”) recently released two Inception Impact Assessments (IIA) and public consultations on a possible new competition tool and a possible ex-ante regulation of large online platforms (so-called “gatekeepers”). After the publication of many...

A recent proposal for net neutrality regulation in the wireless industry suggests carriers should open their networks in particular ways. The proposal advocates creating standards that will make it easier for developers to write applications and for hardware firms to create devices that will...

This paper is intended to address the economic and legal challenges of regulating digital "platforms, and leads to the following conclusions. The concept of platform covers broad range of services and business models that have very little in common. Before considering regulatory measures...

This article presents and analyses the results of a large-scale empirical study in which over 11,000 consumers from ten countries in five continents were surveyed about their use, perceptions and understanding of online platform services. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first...

Over the past decade, France has substantially eased the burden of anti-competitive regulations and effectively enforced competition law against anti-competitive practices. Various sectors have been opened up more widely to competition, and the powers of the Competition Authority have been...

In this paper, we will analyse further the issue of concurrence between competition and sector rules and the relation between parallel concepts within the two different legal frameworks. We will firstly examine Third Party Access in relation to essential facilities doctrine and refusal of access...

Reviews the various articles of the IIR2001, and lays out the theme of having the appropriate market structure and regulation in various sectors of physical infrastructure including electricity, telecom, water and sewage, transportation and energy