) systems with least cost and predetermined reliability to satisfy load. Algebraic equations for optimal PV array area (Aopt … rational in terms of power reliability and cost, and simple to implement for the size optimization of standalone PV systems as …

reliability measures. Evaluation of reliability measure for thermal power plant is a complex process. The thermal power plant is … modelled using Markov process and explored the reliability measures with supplementary variable technique. Also the expected … technique and demonstrated the effect of fault coverage and component failure on reliability measures graphically by taken some …

allocation of components in series and parallel systems. As a novelty, our study includes the case of coherent systems with … randomly chosen from two different stocks, with the components of the first stock having better reliability than the others … the two stocks in order to improve the reliability of the whole system according to different stochastic orders. We also …

The paper is inspired by the stress–strength models in the reliability literature, in which given the strength (Y) and … the stress (X) of a component, its reliability is measured by P(X > Y). In this literature, X and Y are typically modeled … as independent. Since in many applications such an assumption might not be realistic, we propose a copula approach in …

reliability evaluation, they ascribe the stochastic of the travel time to the external long time factors (the traffic supply or … transportation networks’ real-time travel time reliability has been presented, these works assume that the link’s travel time is … independent. In this paper we relax this assumption. Using the Gauss copula theory, we present a new method to evaluate the …