According to the standard narrative, economics is an objective and scientific study of universal laws applicable to economic affairs of modern societies. After a brief introduction, the second section of the paper presents a counter-narrative which disputes this claim, and provides an...

The most influential religions in the public arena of the modern age have been secular religions such as Marxism, the American progressive “gospel of efficiency,” and more recently environmentalism. Environmentalism is a revealing exception but modern secular religions have typically been...

There are several indications that in at least some parts of the Islamic world a process of cultural and political change has begun, with the tendency towards a reassertion of Islamic values. Amongst other things, this involves formulating a concept of modern Islamic economics, the principles of...

An opinion held by the majority of Muslims scholars, such as Ibn Taymiyyah, supports the contention that each thing or act has an ethical value that can be comprehended through reason. Two different methodologies are used for applying reason onto morals. One is categorical moral reasoning that...