This paper explores the impact of two shocks, trade liberalisation policies and decline in remittances, on welfare and poverty in Pakistan. It begins by reviewing the economy, which reveals that during the Nineties although import tariffs were reduced by 55 percent, poverty however remained...

This paper, in a comparative analysis of the Philippines and Indonesia, examines first under what conditions can migration favorably contribute to the process of economic development and then to what extent can economic growth impact upon reducing emigration pressures in these labor surplus...

This note makes two poins. First, that the impact of remittances on poverty depends on who sends the remittances. If those who send it come from poorer households (semi-skilled and unskilled workers), its impact on poverty would be greater. Second, that the manner in which remittances are sent,...

In Pakistan during the 1980s migration and remittance flows were perhaps the single most important factor in explaining the rapid decline in poverty during these years. In Sri Lanka, where nearly half of out-migrants are women, migration and remittances have both affected the labour market and...