This note demonstrates that the puzzling profit neutrality of access charges, i.e., the networks' profits are independent of the access charge with two-part call tariffs, depends crucially on a specific property of subscription demand. Profit neutrality is equivalent to the subscription...

We investigate the determinants of bank interest margins in the Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC). We assess to what extent the relatively high bank margins in CEEC can be attributed to low efficiency or non-competitive market conditions, controlling for the macroeconomic environment...