The decline in labour force due to ageing in the Finnish economy is also at the core of the analysis by Urpo Hautala and Jorma Tuukkanen. The authors' starting point is to note that while a social security system with wide coverage, high benefits and little incentive to work can cause a...

One of the key trends in European pension reforms has been the introduction of private elements to first-pillar public pension schemes. However, the administrative logics of these public private partnerships (PPPs) have not been yet studied systematically. This study develops a theoretical...

This paper discusses design errors in public pension systems, using Hungary as an illus-tration. When the communist political and economic system was replaced by democracy and market economy, the subsequent governments had even greater difficulties in designing consistent pension reforms than...