The demographic transition in Eastern Europe and Central Asia -- Demographic change and labor markets -- Aging, savings, and financial markets -- Aging and pension expenditures -- Aging, long term care, and public expenditures -- Aging and education

Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon, but it is particularly advanced in highly developed northern countries. The retirement of the baby-boom generation in these rich countries will impose additional, albeit temporary, pressure on their pension systems. To cope with this pressure, reforms...

Over the past decade or so, most Central and Eastern European countries have reformed their pension systems, significantly downsizing their public pillars and creating private pillars based on capitalization accounts. Early policy attention was focused on the accumulation phase but several...