Georgia, a country characterized by an aging population with a high incidence of poverty and limited public financial … in dealing with poverty arising from political instability, military conflicts, economic deterioration, transition to a … are also described in this paper.Although the paper focuses on the Georgian non-contributory basic pension, its poverty …

perspective and considers household retirement incomes in the light of analysing old-age poverty and designing (minimum) pension … if old-age poverty analysis integrates other household incomes. The German government intends to implement the Grundrente …Providing a decent living standard and preventing old-age poverty are the two major challenges of pension insurance …

deviate from horizontal equity are able to do so without taxing pensioners into poverty. In contrast, where the tax system … into poverty. Our results highlight the interlinkages of both systems and the importance of studying them together. …