specialized enforcement technology is sufficiently effective, cooperation is best sustained by a "single enforcer punishment …We introduce the possibility of direct punishment by specialized enforcers into a model of community enforcement … following deviations by regular agent is that such actions, by reducing future cooperation, would decrease the amount of …

We study how punishment influences conditional cooperation. We ask two questions: 1) how does conditional cooperation … cooperation with punishment which leads to a decrease in conditional cooperation. The power to punish means more responsibility … change if a subject can be punished and 2) how does conditional cooperation change if a subject has the power to punish …

opportunity for profitable cooperation. Our experimental method creates two groups of subjects who are similar but have different … long-run losses. Initially similar, cooperation rates for groups with different intelligence levels diverge, declining in … groups of lower intelligence, and increasing to reach almost full cooperation levels in groups of higher intelligence …

initial cooperation rates are similar, it increases in the groups with higher intelligence to reach almost full cooperation … differences in the response to past cooperation of the partner. In higher intelligence subjects, cooperation after the initial … difference is absent. Cooperation of higher intelligence subjects is payoff sensitive, thus not automatic: in a treatment with …

hampers cooperation, as higher intelligence players are less cooperative once they are made aware that they play against …

BoS, with high and low payoff inequality. In PD, disclosure markedly hampers cooperation, as higher intelligence players …

The observability of partners' past play is known to theoretically improve cooperation in an infinitely repeated … information per se may not improve cooperation. A structural estimation suggests that a certain percentage of players act …