I refer in this research to the example like Japan, where initially are increased the interest rates on bonds. Only after the Bank of Japan made move the turnaround in interest rates took place then provided actually an economic crash in Japan. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is currently...

We propose a simple model of the international monetary system. We study the world supply and demand for reserve assets denominated in different currencies under a variety of scenarios: a Hegemon vs. a multipolar world; abundant vs. scarce reserve assets; a gold exchange standard vs. a floating...

We propose a simple model of the international monetary system. We study the world supply and demand for reserve assets denominated in different currencies under a variety of scenarios: a Hegemon vs. a multipolar world; abundant vs. scarce reserve assets; a gold exchange standard vs. a floating...