Foreign exchange reserve accumulation has risen dramatically in recent years. The introduction of the euro, greater … currencies. Making various assumptions on expected currency returns and the variance-covariance structure, we assess how the euro …-free) currency. (ii) The optimum portfolios show a much lower weight for the euro than is observed. This suggests that the euro may …

euro and the Chinese renminbi (RMB). It focuses on what we call China’s “dominance hypothesis”, i.e. whether the renminbi …

The euro is the second most important global currency after the US dollar. However, its international role has not … increased since its inception in 1999. The private sector prefers using the US dollar rather than the euro because the financial … the attractiveness of the euro outside the euro area requires, among others, a proactive role for the European Central …