Water is a scarce resource in Israel. With fluctuating supplies and an increasing demand, the need for using … alternative water sources such as reclaimed wastewater, brackish groundwater and desalinated seawater increases. This paper … investigates the economy-wide effects of a de-clining supply of natural fresh water (ground and surface water) and the increasing …

(RO) as a source of municipal (or commercial or industrial) water. A cost-minimization model is developed, a production …’s costs and input portfolio from changes in water quality, membrane lifespan, daily operations schedule, and energy prices …. Findings include that lower total facility costs are associated with warm-weather water quality parameters, longer membrane …

The relative merits of different systems of property rights to allocate water amongdifferent extractive uses are …, variablesupply is dealt with through the use of water entitlements defined as shares of the totalquantity available. In the second …, there are two types of water entitlements, one forwater with a high security of supply and the other a lower security right …

to deliver water to the environment, potable water supplies for the community and water for irrigation. Water property … rights in the Murray-Darling Basin can be divided into four distinct groups (ground water, high security, general security … and supplementary) reflecting their inherent capacity to deliver water supplies in response to climatic conditions in a …

feedlot but also incorporates aspects associated with water, changes that can alter water consumption and or price are … examined. The results indicate that when water does not incur a cost, the net benefits of the feedlot used as the example in … reasonable water costs ($1.20 to around $1.90/kL) and/or slight changes in water use within the feedlot, due to temperature …

The extended dry conditions in the Murray Darling Basin have resulted in unprecedented levels of reduced water … have prompted the Federal and State Governments to cooperate in a range of environmental water restoration programs …, including environmental water purchases. These programs have been subjected to varying levels of criticism as to the …

of the Agreement for the value of water use in the Murray-Darling Basin. …

The Murray-Darling Basin faces increasing pressure on water quantity and quality. In 2006-07, salt interception schemes … implemented as part of the Murray-Darling Basin Salinity Management strategy removed over 470,000 tonnes of salt from the water … supply, reducing the salinity of water flowing to Adelaide by about 200 EC units. However, the costs of salinity mitigation …

There has been substantial water resources development for agriculture in India but the emphasis has been mainly on the … little attention. Many believe that water resource management in India is heading for a crisis unless the institutions and … related policies are rapidly transformed. In this light, the study examines key features of water institutions in India …

Approximately 75% of all water used by humans goes towards food production, much of which is traded internationally … trade theory and new data on the productivity by which countries use water for crop agriculture. The strength of the model … for products that use water intensively. In one application of the model, international trade in final products is shown …