In this paper, we examine the evolution of multi-unit franchising (MUF) research and develop an integrative model for the franchisor's choice of ownership strategy between single-unit and multi-unit franchising. Although several empirical studies were published on MUF in the last two decades,...

Contract duration as component of contract design has both a transaction cost savings function by mitigating exchange hazards and a strategic value creation function by leveraging knowledge-based resources. Previous studies have not explained the value creation function of contract duration in...

This study investigates the performance of franchise networks through the lens of the resource-based and real options theory. First, according to the resource-based view, we argue that the intangible resources of the franchisor (system-specific know-how and brand name) and the intangible...