Consumers living near the U.S.-Canada border can shift their expenditures between the two countries, so real exchange rate fluctuations can act as demand shocks to border areas' retailers. Using annual county-level data, we estimate the effects of real exchange rates on the number of...

Resale price maintenance (RPM) is widely regarded as having a retarding effect on market development. The abolition of RPM in the 1960s provided a catalyst for the development of the multiple retailer who, by virtue of scale economies, was able to compete aggressively on price for the first...

Prosecution of the retail gasoline price-fixing cartel in Québec was the largest and most successful criminal investigation in the history of the Competition Bureau of Canada. In June 2008 the first charges were brought against 38 individuals and 14 companies under Section 45 of the pre-2010...

In many markets, price promotions are a primary mechanism by which prices are adjusted. This chapter presents an overview of how retail price promotions work in theory and in practice. While there is a heavy emphasis on fast moving consumer goods (e.g., items sold in grocery stores or CPG), we...

We provide a novel theory of harm for resale price maintenance (RPM). In a model with two manufacturers and two retailers, we show that RPM facilitates manufacturer collusion when retailers have alternatives to selling a manufacturer's product. Because of the alternatives, manufacturers can only...