Traditionally, research into supply chain management has focused on increasing the availability of products and reducing the cost of doing so by concentrating on coordination between supply chain members. Significant improvements have been made in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of...

Dictionary definitions of “retail” and “retailing” emphasize the activity of selling in small quantities. Challenges such a concept of retailing as a description of both the commercial activity and the academic topic which the word now represents. Investigates the historical evolution of...

The marketing of own brands is a feature of modern multiple retailing. Retailers can create brand image by advertising their own products or creating brand equity in their own stores and transferring such imagery to their physical products. The costs of branding to the retailer are approximately...