This chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical issues dealing with Social Security pensions. The first part of the …

The specificities of the workforce with a migrant background are often neglected in studies of retirement. Similarly …, many studies of migration’s impact on pensions often focus on aggregate outcomes—system sustainability or distributive … systems—with a focus on retirement. The article argues that such effects are nonnegligible and are likely to have major policy …

contributions boosted in many nations. Yet our research on old-age system reforms does not require raising mandatory retirement ages … or contributions. Instead, we offer ways to enhance incentives for people to work longer and delay retirement. There are … good reasons to incentivize older people to work longer and delay retirement. These include rising longevity, the shrinking …

The goal of securing adequate resources in retirement dominates the ongoing debate regarding social security reforms … retirement resource goals. Proposals seeking minimum living standards imply expansion of public fiscal liabilities. We contribute … at the time of retirement, and to maintain initial levels of resources over the first decade of retirement. We compare …