Even though they have only existed since 1981, some analysts have concluded that 401(k) plans are a failure. For example, some argue that 401(k) plans are “coming up short” due to, among other factors, the low contribution rates of participants. A recent government report concluded that...

Many baby boom era workers, those born between 1946 and 1962, count on various retirement benefits accumulated during their working years to ensure adequate resources as they grow older. A man turning 65 today can expect to live to age 83; a woman to age 85, according to Social Security...

This paper uses numerical methods to compare optimal portfolios in tax-deferred and Roth-type savings accounts. Income and payroll taxes affect optimal portfolios in tax-deferred and Roth-type plans differently. For workers with assets in only one type of plan, the optimal equity share in a...