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Nonfinancial defined contribution (NDC) schemes offer governments desirable properties in terms of efficiency, fairness, and financial sustainability and an opportunity to deflect the blame for pension cuts. Yet adoptions of NDC schemes largely ground to a halt and several countries retreated...
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(before retiring). The choice is even more difficult in developing countries with low budgets such as Indonesia. The defined … PAYG defined contribution system, to supplement a defined contribution system, the government of Indonesia can guarantee … that retirees will not live under poverty while maintaining the state budget sustainability. It recommends that Indonesia …
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