Planning is one from the most important elements in Islam. In addition, good wealth management is well encouraged in Islam and it cannot be achieved without proper planning and action. Therefore, retirement planning as a degree for future wealth protection, should being a part of top priority in...

A rise in the ageing population is the current demographic challenge which is capable of pressuring the government to borrow more external funds in order to support domestic needs. This study aims to investigate the effects of the external debt of 36 upper-middle-income economies from 2000 to...