, India, China), which has coincided with poor economic integration. Language proficiency is an important determinant of … language proficiency is crucial for good integration policy, as is understanding the relationship between these measures and …

This article summarizes three different strands of the literature that address the labor market effects of language … ongoing globalization leads to an increased demand for foreign language proficiency to reduce search and information costs and … migrants, destination language skills display both a prerequisite for and outcome of successful integration. Investments into …

The globalization of labour markets makes language skills one of the key competences required by employers nowadays …. Our purpose is to estimate the wage premium from foreign language skills (FLS) earned by the Poles. We also want to find …, because the Polish language is not used for international communication, while as much as 58% of Poles command at least one …

This paper investigates the economic returns to language skills and bilingualism. The analysis is staged in Kazakhstan …, a multi-ethnic country with complex ethnic settlement patterns that has switched its official state language from … bilingualism on earnings while Russian was the official state language in the 1990s. Surprisingly, the Kazakh language continues to …