Estimates of the effect of education on GDP (the social return) have been hard to reconcile with micro evidence on the private return to schooling. We present a simple explanation combining two ideas: imperfect substitution and endogenous skill-biased technological progress and use cross-country...

Evidence based on the data from the 2004-2008 Household Labor Surveys, demonstrates the existence of within sector knowledge spillovers in Turkey. Estimates from a two step regressions confirm prior findings for different countries. Job tenure proxying for on the job training is a source of...

This paper presents a new framework for analyzing automation, robotics, and hightech, which differs from the canonical model of technological progress by incorporating the higher education system. The main difference is that there is not just one type of skilled workers, but two types, and there...