empirical strategy to estimate the intention-to-treat effect of this paid exemption on the education and labor market outcomes … reduction in education when we implement the same exercises with (i) data on females and (ii) placebo reform dates. The … interpretation is that the reform has reduced the incentives to continue education for the purpose of deferring military service. We …

creative occupations rather than education. Consistent with Florida’s notion of creativity, it suggests a microfoundation that …

empirical strategy to estimate the intention-to-treat effect of this paid exemption on education and labor market outcomes of … reduction in education when we implement the same exercises with (i) data on females and (ii) placebo reform dates. The … interpretation is that the reform has reduced the incentives to continue education for the purpose of deferring military service. We …

's education levels. To account for this, Ashenfelter and Rouse (1998) provided two reports of each twin's education level. One is … (2016)), to show this may be enough information to identify the underlying true education level without requiring additive … measurement errors. The estimated returns to education are shown to be either the same or below the IV estimates presented in …

of peer effect we restrict to no-child-adult-peers who completed their education much before the children in our sample …