A closed-loop supply chain is defined as the combination of both forward and reverse supply chains. However, it is in reverse supply chains that environmental issues are emphasized. In this research, a closed-loop supply chain network is designed and optimized to reduce the impact of bottled...

Background: This literature review delves into the concept of 'Third-party Reverse Logistics selection', focusing on its process and functionality using deterministic and uncertain decision-making models. In an increasingly globalized world, Reverse Logistics (RL) plays a vital role in...

In reverse logistics (RL), the returned products are collected, and some recovery activities are performed. The major objective of this research is to identify the RL components of cellphones in Canada focusing on three provinces. There have been some studies in this sector. However, with the...

In this paper, the reverse logistics of plastic pallets in Canada, particularly in Nova Scotia, is investigated using different methods, including reviewing the literature and searching appropriate databases. Information such as the typical supply chains of plastic pallets, and the manufacturing...

Background: Sustainable closed-loop supply chains have emerged as viable answers to supply chain problems. They can handle environmental damages (e.g., waste) and related social impacts. Closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs) are forward and reverse supply chain networks that have gained popularity...