The following section are included:IntroductionThe Single-Party Regime and Étatism (1923–1945)Transition to Multi-Party Regime (1946–1950)Infancy Phase of the Multi-Party Regime — Failure on Both Fronts (1950–1960)Multi-Party Regime on a Fragile PathTowards an Open Market EconomyThe...

The following section are included:IntroductionThe FrameworkSocial Order and Economic Conditions in Iran in Early 20th CenturyTransformation of Social Order under Reza ShahEconomic and Political Change under Mohammad-Reza ShahFormation of the Islamic Republic under Ayatollah...

The following section are included:IntroductionModel of Principal and AgentMethods of Fighting Corruption and Relevant EvidenceConclusionsAcknowledgmentsReferences

The following section are included:IntroductionA Competition Enhancing Reform PackageThe Experience of TurkeyEvaluation: Trade-Offs and Challenges of Enhancing CompetitionConclusionAcknowledgmentsReferences

The following section are included:IntroductionThe Establishment of Authoritarian Presidencies for LifeRepublican Presidents Become More MonarchicalPressures Within the Dictatorial Regimes that Account for Their OverthrowMajor Political and Administrative Problems Involved in the Development of...

The following section are included:IntroductionPrelude to CrisisTwo Important Reforms: Electoral Democracy and DecentralizationWhat Has Been Achieved: Continuation and Moderation of ReformsConclusionList of AbbreviationsAcknowledgmentsReferences

The following section are included:IntroductionInclusion and ModerationThe Record of Islamist ParticipationChanging Institutional DynamicsImpact of the Arab UprisingsNew Challenges from the MarginsConclusionAcknowledgmentsReferences