The conventional functional form of the Constant-Elasticity-of-Substitution (CES) production function is a general production function nesting a number of other forms of production functions. Examples of such functions include Leontief, Cobb–Douglas, and linear production functions....

Much research has focused on emission-based instruments for pollution control, but indirect approaches that control input use or production technologies are often used. This article derives a simple rule for evaluating the relative efficiency of input-use taxes and standards in the presence of...