We estimate total returns to rental housing by studying over 170,000 hand-collected archival observations of prices and rents for individual houses in Paris (1809-1943) and Amsterdam (1900-1979). The annualized real total return, net of costs and taxes, is 4.0% for Paris and 4.8% for Amsterdam,...

While homeownership provides consumption benefits, housing is risky. Using zip code housing returns, we document that homeowners are compensated for bearing housing risk. Our sample covers more than 9,000 zip codes across 135 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), representing almost 70% of the...

We explore a new investment dimension relating hedge fund exposure to the real estate market. Using fund level data from 1994 to 2012 from a major hedge fund data vendor, we identify 1,321 hedge funds as having significant exposure to direct or securitized real estate. We test for the economic...

This paper studies the pricing implications of financial uncertainty on housing markets. Out-of-sample tests show that the exposure to financial uncertainty predicts the cross-sectional variation in market returns. Housing markets with a more negative financial uncertainty beta imply higher...

Recent research has shown that macroeconomic uncertainty is a significant factor that is contemporaneously incorporated into asset returns. Therefore, it should not have a role in predicting future returns. At the same time, separate research has demonstrated that illiquidity is related to...

Using a procedure analogous to that of Ang et al. (2006), this paper documents that aggregate volatility risk does not appear to be priced in European equity markets. Specifically, based on the 2002-2016 period (for which European stock return data is available), the price of aggregate...

The long-run risk model introduced by R.Bansal and A.Yaron (2004) assumes the existence of a small predictable component in consumption growth and an elasticity of intertemporal substitution of the representative agent larger than one for the substitution effect to dominate the income one....

We study aggregate lapsation risk in the life insurance sector. We construct two lapsation risk factors that explain a large fraction of the common variation in lapse rates of the 30 largest life insurance companies. The first is a cyclical factor that is positively correlated with credit...