economic sanctions, trade policy, politics and economics of EU-27, multinational company (MNC), foreign subsidiary, political risk, exit, Russia, transition economy, innovation, productivity, growth, survival.

Over the past years, there has been an increase in global geopolitical risk, the most recent example being the intensifying conflict between the USA and Iran. Such geopolitical risks also affect the German economy. A geopolitical shock, defined as an unexpected increase in risk, has a...

We examine the hedging properties of different asset classes as impacted by the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. We employ wavelet coherence analysis to study the impact of geopolitical risk on various types of securities. We found that different asset classes exhibited unequal risk...

Climate change, which affects the economic interests of nations and companies, has become a key issue on the political agenda in recent years. Investments have exceeded a trillion dollars in greenhouse gas emission reductions and the transition to green technologies, and new mega-projects and...