Over the last decade, researchers, practitioners, and regulators had intense debates about how to treat the data collection threshold in operational risk modeling. There are several approaches under consideration --- the empirical approach, the "naive'' approach, the shifted approach, and the...

Building on a new theory of parametric risk models initiated in Hürlimann(1998), it is shown how mean scaled individual risk models can be constructed. The approximate computation of their distributions and related quantities can be done in the author's (1990) mathematical framework of...