Risk-return association is one of the major concerns for economics and business disciplines. While the standard economics and finance theory assume that the sign of the relationship should be positive (individuals are assumed to be risk adverse), since Bowman (1980) many researchers have found...

Measuring the impact of political risk on investment projects is one of the most vexing issues in international business. One popular approach is to assume that the sovereign yield spread captures political risk and to augment the project discount rate by this spread. We show that this approach...

The proposed of this paper is to determine the informative content of the cash flows related to the earnings of the process of explaining the firm's risk. The risk proxies used are Mark-to-Book, Market Beta, financial leverage and insolvency risk. The models are solved by the ordinary least...

While tax avoidance strategies result in greater after-tax cash flows, they can involve uncertain future outcomes, which can impose significant costs on firms. Thus, the extent to which tax avoidance increases firm risk is unclear. This paper re-examines the relation between tax avoidance and...

This study aims at (1) developing an index to measure CEO risk tolerance using publicly available data, and (2) examining the association between this index and investment in risky projects. Using relative pay-at-risk as a proxy for risk preference (tolerance) is a new proposition and is...

We offer evidence that the use of Relative Performance Evaluation (RPE) in CEOs' incentive contracts influences the effect of risk-taking incentives on both the magnitude and composition of firm risk. We find that when the incentive design lacks RPE features, the incentive portfolio vega...

The relationship between risk and incentives in franchise contracting is still an unsolved issue in the literature. According to the standard principal-agent model, a trade-off emerges between the franchisee's protection against risk and incentive motivation. Contrary to this traditional view,...

Purpose – The objective of this study is to examine the relative contribution of three groups of factors that are associated with working capital at risk. These factors are grouped as firm-level, industry-level and country level variables. Working capital at risk is treated as the Value at...

This study explores the impact of tourism uncertainty, including economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and travel crises arising from issues such as terrorism and disease outbreaks, on airline stock markets in Korea. Airline stock prices are particularly affected by tourism uncertainty. Using data...

In this study, we examine the impact of class action litigation shocks on corporate innovation. Our experimental design is based on an unanticipated court ruling that reduces the risk of shareholder class action lawsuits for firms located within the jurisdiction of the US Ninth Circuit....