This paper examines “fat tails puzzle” in the financial markets. Ignoring the rate of convergence in Central Limit Theorem (CLT) provides the “fat tail” uncertainty. In this paper, we provide a review of the empirical results obtained “fat tails puzzle” using innovative method of...

The aim of this paper is to provide more transparency regarding risk parity portfolios. We design a structural framework to properly describe, evaluate, and improve the performance characteristics of risk parity portfolios. This is achieved by segregating the input parameter for the risk parity...

Tail risk refers to the possibility that a rare event would adversely affect the value of a portfolio in a significant manner. It became much more relevant due to recent periods of strong market turbulence.We describe how to quantify such risk, which tail risk protection strategies were...

The Fama and French three-factor model aids investors in making investment decisions. Historical data is often used to extrapolate past trends into the future. But what if historical estimates are not accurate predictors for future values? Blume (1971) found that market betas in a CAPM tend to...

The author's study analyzes, loan valuation methods using discrete time model of contingent claims analysis. In the empirical test, the undiversifiable risk was measured by the correlation coefficient of one borrower with the average return of all borrowers. The results of the test supported the...

We seek fundamental risks from news text. Conceptually, news is closely related to the idea of systematic risk, in particular the "state variables" in the ICAPM. News captures investors' concerns about future investment opportunities, and hence drives the current pricing kernel. This paper...

We investigate the impact of shrinkage estimation techniques for the moments of asset returns on risk-parity portfolios. In contrast to mean-variance portfolios, the risk contributions of individual assets in risk-parity portfolios are fixed a priori. This additional restriction stabilizes...